Concepción didáctica de la habilidad diagnóstico por imagen como aporte sistémico en Medicina Familiar

Miguel Angel Amaró Garrido; Manuel Horta Sánchez; Andel Pérez González; Carlos Lázaro Jiménez Puerto; Eliecer González Valdéz; Jim Alex González Consuegra

doi:10.19136/hs.a25n3.6264

Authors

Miguel Angel Amaró Garrido Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus
Manuel Horta Sánchez University of Sancti Spíritus José Martí Pérez
Andel Pérez González University of Sancti Spíritus José Martí Pérez
Carlos Lázaro Jiménez Puerto University of Sancti Spíritus José Martí Pérez
Eliecer González Valdéz Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus
Jim Alex González Consuegra Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19136/hs.a25n3.6264

Abstract

Objective: To validate a didactic conception for the development of diagnostic imaging skill as a systemic contribution to an educational problem in Family Medicine residency.

Materials and methods: Educational technological development research in two stages. First: theoretical construction based on dialectical materialism, Vygotsky's Cultural-Historical Theory, and contemporary didactics, with Problem-Based Learning as its core. Second: validation through consultation with 15 experts (K>0.8) in a mixed consensus process (two anonymous Delphi rounds and a nominal group) and a pre-experimental pilot study with 28 residents (42 weeks, repeated pre-during-post measurements). Cognitive, procedural, and affective-motivational dimensions were evaluated.

Results: A conception with four components was defined: theoretical-conceptual (operational definition, six functional invariants, three dimensions), content (cross-cutting knowledge), methodological-strategic, and evaluation (five instruments and expected achievement levels per residency year). Expert assessment was favorable: agreement of 60-93.3 % in the first round (Kappa=0.65), and a unanimous verdict of "Valid with modifications" after consensus. The pilot study showed significant improvements (p<0.001) with large effect sizes: cognitive (d=2.34), procedural (r=0.88), affective-motivational (d=1.87), and a procedural-metacognition correlation (r=0.74). All first-year residents exceeded the minimum expected level (Basic), and the majority of senior residents reached the mastery level foreseen for their training stage.

Conclusions: The didactic conception proved to be an original, validated, and feasible construct, which allows the cross-sectional development of complex skills in curricular scenarios lacking specific spaces. This constitutes a significant contribution to postgraduate medical education.

Keywords: Didactic; Conception; Skill; Diagnostic imaging; Family Medicine; Medical education.

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Author Biographies

Miguel Angel Amaró Garrido, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus

Doctor of Medicine. Assistant Professor. Faustino Pérez Hernández Faculty of Medical Sciences. Juana Naranjo León University Polyclinic. University of Medical Sciences of Sancti Spíritus. Sancti Spiritus. Cuba.
Manuel Horta Sánchez, University of Sancti Spíritus José Martí Pérez

PhD in Pedagogical Sciences. Associate Professor. José Martí Pérez University. Sancti Spiritus. Cuba
Andel Pérez González, University of Sancti Spíritus José Martí Pérez

PhD in Pedagogical Sciences. Associate Professor. Faculty of Pedagogical Sciences. José Martí Pérez University. Sancti Spiritus.
Carlos Lázaro Jiménez Puerto, University of Sancti Spíritus José Martí Pérez

PhD in Educational Sciences. Associate Professor. José Martí Pérez University. Sancti Spiritus. Cuba.
Eliecer González Valdéz, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus

Doctor of Medicine. Assistant Professor. Faustino Pérez Hernández Faculty of Medical Sciences. University of Medical Sciences of Sancti Spíritus. Sancti Spiritus. Cuba
Jim Alex González Consuegra, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus

Doctor of Medicine. Assistant Professor. Faustino Pérez Hernández Faculty of Medical Sciences. University of Medical Sciences of Sancti Spíritus. Sancti Spiritus. Cuba.