Factores asociados a Alteraciones de las Funciones Cognitivas y Capacidades Adaptativas en Pacientes con VIH

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between risk factors such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, overweight, high viral load, and cognitive impairments and adaptive capacities in patients with HIV.

Materials and methods: An observational, cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in a family medicine unit, with a sample of n=83 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Comorbidities and high viral load were identified; to measure adaptive capacities and cognitive functions, the Vineland and MoCA questionnaires were applied, with prior informed consent. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using Pearson's chi-square test and prevalence ratio (PR) with the statistical software SPSS version 25.0. Authorization was obtained from the ethics and research committee with the registration: R-2023-2701-065.

Results: Patients aged Ⱦ=34 years ±S=10.4 years, with a median Md=32 years, men 84.3% (70), married 36.1% (30). With BMI Ⱦ≥30 Kg/m2=9.6% (8). Mild cognitive impairment was presented in 14.5% (12), and interpersonal relationship problems were seen in 27.7% (23). High viral load and cognitive impairment were observed in 83.3% (10), compared to those with undetectable viral load, with X²=10.345, df=2, and a statistically significant p value=0.001. An association was observed between high viral load and mild cognitive impairment (RP=18.05, 95%CI: Li 6.521, Ls 49.989 and p value= 0.0001) and alterations in interpersonal adaptive capacities and gross motor skills.

Conclusions: This study highlights the need to implement targeted interventions to improve functionality and quality of life in patients with HIV, through a comprehensive approach that considers both physical risk factors and adaptive capacities.

Keywords: HIV; Cognitive impairment; Adaptive behavior; Factors associated.