Intervención educativa con elementos de Educación Popular en Salud para prevenir la picadura de alacrán

Jair  Yañez Santaolalla; Ángel Francisco  Betanzos Reyes; Luz María  Lara López

doi:10.19136/hs.a22n1.5217

Authors

Jair Yañez Santaolalla School of Public Health of Mexico/National Institute of Public Health https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9627-3430
Ángel Francisco Betanzos Reyes Centro de Investigaciones sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas/Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4008-2517
Luz María Lara López Affiliation: School of Public Health of Mexico/National Institute of Public Health https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1007-4217

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19136/hs.a22n1.5217

Abstract

Objetivo: Evaluar la implementación de una intervención educativa con
elementos de Educación Popular en Salud sobre el empoderamiento y los
cambios en salud para la prevención de la picadura de alacrán, en mujeres del
municipio de Tetecala, Morelos.
Material y métodos: La intervención educativa se realizó en mujeres adscritas
al programa PROSPERA, con 16 participantes, así, consistió en cinco sesiones
de manera semanal, con tiempo de dos horas, aproximadamente, cada una. Se
realizó un triple diagnóstico sobre los conocimientos y las causas de la picadura
de alacrán, con esa información, se diseñan los principales componentes de la
estrategia educativa (1. Conocimiento del alacrán; 2. Riesgos para la picadura
de alacrán; 3. Prevención de la picadura de alacrán), lo que se lleva a cabo en los
meses de febrero y marzo del 2019. Se evalúan dos categorías, empoderamiento
y cambios en salud, ahondando en elementos descritos por Noelle Wiggins,
mediante metodología mixta. Las mediciones se realizan al mismo grupo previo
y posterior a la intervención educativa; la evaluación cualitativa se realiza
mediante el análisis de registro etnográfico, asimismo, la parte cuantitativa se
aplica cuestionario sobre conocimientos y prácticas.
Resultados: Se identifican cambios en elementos de empoderamiento, así como
cambios en salud.
Conclusiones: Emplear elementos de Educación Popular en Salud tiene efectos
similares a estrategias donde se emplea la metodología pura, así, en la prevención
de la picadura de alacrán, muestra resultados similares con otros problemas en
salud.
Palabras clave: Picaduras de escorpión; Educación en Salud; Promoción de la Salud; Empoderamiento

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Author Biographies

Jair Yañez Santaolalla, School of Public Health of Mexico/National Institute of Public Health

Medical surgeon from the Universidad Latinoamericana campus Morelos. Master in Public Health with a concentration area in infectious diseases from the School of Public Health of Mexico. He has worked in epidemiological surveillance at the General Hospital of Rioverde, San Luis Potosí. He is currently a doctoral candidate in Sciences in Health Systems from the School of Public Health of Mexico. His areas of interest are health promotion, health education, infectious diseases, health systems, and public health.
Ángel Francisco Betanzos Reyes, Centro de Investigaciones sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas/Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

Physician from the Autonomous University of Chiapas (1982), Master of Public Health (1995) and Doctorate in Public Health Sciences with a Concentration in Epidemiology from the National Institute of Public Health (2007). National award for the best doctoral thesis in the area of Public Health 2007 awarded by the National Institutes of Health in Mexico and National Award for the Vector Program 2019 by the National Union of Workers of the Secretary of Health. Founding Director of the Sanitary Area IX in Ocosingo, Chiapas (1996); Head of the National Malaria Department (1997-1999) and Deputy Director of the Vector-Borne Diseases Program (2003-2004) at the National Center for Disease Surveillance and Control. PAHO National Consultant in coordination with the INSP for the implementation of the Regional Project "Malaria Control Alternatives without the use of DDT with Community Participation in Mexico and Central America" (2004-2008). Technical collaboration in the initiative of the Mesoamerican Public Health Project in Malaria (2009-2010) and the IDRC-Canada regional project for the Leadership and Development of the Field of Ecohealth and Vector-Borne Diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean (2011-214 ). Member of the National System of Researchers level 1 (SNI-1: 2009-2011; 2014-2016; 2020-2024). Medical Specialist attached to the Center for Research on Infectious Diseases. Supervision of master's and doctoral theses at INSP (2014-2022). Specialty areas in management, teaching and research in infectious diseases with emphasis on malaria and arboviruses. Author and co-author of chapter publications in two books on topics related to vector-borne diseases (Dengue and Malaria).
Luz María Lara López, Affiliation: School of Public Health of Mexico/National Institute of Public Health

Pedagogue, Master in Public Health with a concentration area in Social and Behavioral Sciences from the School of Public Health of Mexico. Professor of the didactic units "Comprehensive Diagnosis of Population Health", "Healthy Behaviors, Environments and Policies" of the School of Public Health of Mexico. She is an adjunct professor for the Master of Public Health with a concentration in Social and Behavioral Sciences.