Horizonte Sanitario

Obesity in the pediatric population of Mexico

2023-10-24T22:42:05-05:00

Self-esteem and cannabis use in adolescents: An integrative review

2023-01-11T20:15:22-06:00

Objective: to identify the scientific evidence related to the influence of self-esteem on adolescent cannabis use.

Materials and method: during the period of february-april 2022, an integrative review of the scientific literature published in the last ten years (2012-2022) was carried out. The six-step methodology proposed by Toronto and Remington was used in the BVS, PubMed, TRIP and Dialnet search engines, as well as in the Redalyc, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, Web of Science and CUIDEN databases. A total of 1,491 articles were found, when applying inclusion and elimination criteria, a total of ten quantitative studies were considered in the final sample.

Results: it was found that adolescents with low self-esteem are prone to influences that encourage the initiation of cannabis use. When considered as a positive attitude of the person towards himself, it favors the feeling of security and regulates behavior through a process of self-evaluation, so that it enables adolescents to adapt to their environment. In this sense, three main categories were observed: moderator variable in cannabis use; predictor variable of cannabis use; and intervention component.

Conclusions: the protective and predictive role of self-esteem for cannabis use in adolescents was demonstrated, likewise, early detection and interventions aimed at improving skills for the regulation of emotions influenced by cognitive factors are effective in the promotion and prevention of cannabis use in adolescents.

Keywords: Self-esteem; Cannabis; Adolescent; Nursing; Mexico.

Lifestyles acquired during confinement by COVID-19 in childhood: a systematic review

2023-02-09T18:35:34-06:00

Objective: To know the scientific evidence to identify patterns of changes in lifestyles during childhood and their association with various anthropometric parameters in infants caused during confinement by COVID-19.

Materials and methods: A systematic analysis was carried out following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guide in the PubMed and Google Schoolar databases, the keywords used were diabetes mellitus tipo 2 or diabetes mellitus type II, hipertensión or hypertension, cuarentena or quarantine, covid-19, infantes or child, estilos de vida saludables or healthy lifestyles, sedentarismo or sedentarism, comportamientos alimentarios or eating behaviors. The search was carried out from April 2019 to June 2022.

Results: The search yielded 221 articles, only 5 articles met the inclusion, exclusion and quality criteria, which show that the COVID-19 confinement caused changes in lifestyles. life that were mainly associated with a sedentary lifestyle during childhood.

Conclusions: There is little information on the effects that COVID-19 confinement has caused on the lifestyles of infants, the existing information shows changes in pro-healthy eating habits in infants and decreased physical activity; therefore, activities aimed at guardians or responsible adults are recommended so that they can supervise feeding and improve nutrition, as well as carry out activities that encourage physical activity.

Keywords: Healthy lifestyle; Quarentine; COVID-19; child; Feeding behavior

Neuropsychiatric symptoms of post-COVID-19 condition in Mexican healthcare personnel.

2023-10-02T18:38:32-05:00

Objective: The aim of the present study was to identify anxiety and depression in health personnel who suffered COVID-19, and to associate them with blood inflammatory markers.

Materials and methods: The design of this study was descriptive and cross-sectional. We evaluated 51 healthcare workers who survived COVID-19 disease with Hamilton scales for anxiety and depression, also we calculated inflammatory markers (systemic immune-inflammation index, SII; monocyte lymphocyte ratio, MLR; platelet lymphocyte ratio, PLR; and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, NLR) using blood venous samples. This study was carried out from August 2021 to December 2022. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v. 26.

Results: Our study included 51 healthcare personnel, females (n=29) and males (n=22). The mean age was 40.54 ± 11.00 years. The most frequent acute symptoms for COVID-19 presented were dysgeusia (n=20), anosmia (n=18), and headache (n=17). The most common comorbidities were overweight (n=24), obesity (n=22), and hypertension (n=11). According to the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HARS) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression Rating (HRSD) we identify anxiety and depression in 72.5% (n=37) and 51% (n=26) within the health personnel, respectively.

Conclusions: In our study, we observed a high frequency of anxiety and depression in healthcare workers with post COVID-19 condition. However, we did not observe an association between inflammatory markers (NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII) with anxiety and depression in health personnel post-COVID-19. We suggest follow-up assessments in healthcare personnel with post-COVID-19 condition, to evaluate if mixed emotional disorders persist.

Keywords: Anxiety; Depression; Mental disorders; Inflammation; COVID-19.

Dating relationship violence in university nursing students

2023-10-03T21:19:31-05:00

Objective: To identify the perception of violence in dating relationships in nursing students of a public university in Minatitlán, Veracruz, Mexico.

Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study, the sample consisted of 182 nursing students enrolled in a public university in Minatitlán, Veracruz, Mexico. The sampling was simple random. The Violence in Young Partner Relationships Questionnaire (VIREPA) was used, composed of 20 items with a Likert-type scale with 5 response options and sociodemographic questions.

Results: 26.9% of the students indicated abuse in their past relationships and 3.8% indicated abuse in their current relationship. Differences between males and females were found in emotional abuse (z=-2.248, p=.004) and social and economic control (z=-2.681, p=.002) with higher data in males. Participant's age and partner's age was related to emotional, physical and psychological mistreatment and personal devaluation (p<.05).

Conclusions: University nursing students, have perceived experiences of violence during their dating relationships, behavior that can go unnoticed by both the perpetrator and the victim, so it is considered relevant the design of violence prevention programs in university contexts, aimed at identifying violence and its impact on the student, which provides knowledge and opportunity to identify when they are living a violent situation within their dating relationships.

Keywords: Violence; Perception; Students; Nursing.

Attitudes and behaviors of nursing professionals' attitudes towards sexuality in old-age

2023-10-26T22:00:31-05:00

Objective: to determine the intrapersonal factors that predict nursing professional attitudes towards sexuality in old age.

Material and methods: Quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, and explanatory study, with a sample of 305 nursing professionals with a mean age of 29 years (SD=7.76), sexuality scales were applied, attitudes towards sexuality in old age and the questionnaire of attitudes to old age. The analysis was with descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS.

Results: It was found that attitudes towards sexuality, as well as towards old age, have a positive and significant impact on sexuality in old age in the nursing staff surveyed. Likewise, a statistically significant difference was found by sex for the dimensions of men regarding sexuality (p=.014) and sexual preoccupation (p=.000), as well as that of negative physical and behavioral stereotypes (p=.037) with higher scores for men (p<.05).

Conclusion: intrapersonal factors such as age, sexual self-esteem and attitudes towards old age are predictors of attitudes towards sexuality in old age.

Keywords: Attitude, Sexuality, Nursing Staff; Aging.

Chromosome 9 aberrations diagnosed at a pediatric hospital in Tabasco, Mexico

2023-09-08T18:27:37-05:00

Objective. To determine the frequency of patients diagnosed with chromosome 9 disorders in a pediatric hospital between the years 2012 and 2022.

Materials and methods. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed in 2932 patients who attended the genetics consultation of a pediatric hospital in Tabasco, Mexico, from January 2012 to December 2022, based on the results of chromosomal diagnosis in peripheral blood.

Results. Chromosomal alterations were present in 14.76% (433/2932). The most frequently involved chromosome was number 21 in 83.37% (361/433), followed by sex chromosome X with 5.31% (23/433) and chromosome 9 with 3.69% (16/433). Regarding chromosome 9, 50% (8/16) corresponded to morphological variants (9qh+), followed by pericentric inversion in 3 of the cases (18.75%), deletion in 2 (12.5%), insertion in 1 (6.6%), ring in 1 (6.6%), and a shunt (6.6%).

Conclusion. The cytogenetic results found, according to the patients' reasons for referral, suggest the performance of peripheral blood karyotyping as a useful tool in the diagnosis of diseases with genetic suspicion.

Key words: Chromosomal inversion; Karyotype; Infertility.

Emotional state using DASS-21 in post-COVID-19 patients in primary health care

2023-11-22T22:02:42-06:00

Objective: “Determine the emotional state following the DASS-21 in post-COVID-19 patients at the first level of health care”.

Material and methods: Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study conducting a survey on the emotional state (DASS-21; Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995) in post-COVID-19 patients in a sample of 70 patients from the Family Medicine Unit No. 34 annex Ambulatory Care Medical Unit of La Peace, Baja California Sur. A statistical analysis was carried out with frequencies, percentages for nominal qualitative variables, with measures of central tendency and dispersion in quantitative variables, with determination of chi2. With prior authorization from the local research committee and ethics committee.

Results: 45 female patients were found (64.3%), age 39.41 ± 13.930, with a statistical significance between anxiety and presence of severe symptoms with p= 0.014 (95%CI 0.000-0.042), depression and age group p= 0.029 (95%CI % 0.000-0.068); and no significance was found with stress.

Conclusion: Anxiety mildly and extremely severely affects post-COVID-19 patients related to the presence of severe symptoms, the depression detected was moderate and is related to the age group, while the stress detected was mild and did not present an association of variables.

Keywords: Coronavirus infections; Anxiety; Psychological distress; Depression; Emotional Adjustment.

Drug use: perception of parents and adolescents

2023-10-26T22:06:54-05:00

Objective: to know and compare the perception of parents and adolescents on the role of the family in the prevention of drug use.

Materials and methods: Qualitative research, conducted in May 2022, in which group interviews were applied through the instrument called focus group, two groups were integrated, one with adolescents (five boys and six girls) and another with parents (one boy and eight girls), with no parental relationship between the groups, randomly recruited, belonging to the same high school in the city of Xalapa, Veracruz. After reading and signing the informed consent, answers were given to the nine questions of the questionnaire.

Results: for the analysis of the information, discourse analysis was used, which technique studies what was said according to the context, which allowed us to compare what was expressed in both groups. Parents perceive that they provide trust, while adolescents perceive that they do not; parents perceive that their children have the necessary knowledge about drug use, while adolescents are concerned to know about the risks, parents perceive that their children have no lacks, no needs, while adolescents manifest insufficient love and attention from their parents.

Conclusions: Parents and children have a different view on drug use and on the role of the family in prevention. The need to generate spaces for reflection that allow for greater communication between parents and children was identified.

Knowledge, attitudes and actions against cancer of health personnel in Tamaulipas

2023-11-21T21:54:46-06:00

Objectives: Analyze the degree of knowledge of health workers about cancer risk factors, as well as assess their attitudes towards prevention and the actions they take to prevent this disease.

Materials and Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional and analytical study of a Health person in Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, in the period from March to April 2023. A descriptive and analytical analysis was carried out.

Results: 46.5% of health workers identified having three or more risk factors for cancer. However, only 27.4% could correctly identify three modifiable risk factors. In addition, there was low adherence to the screening guidelines, with only 33.6% answering correctly about the age to perform a mammogram after 40 years of age.

Conclusions: These findings support the need for interventions aimed at improving cancer prevention among health workers, which could have a significant impact in reducing the burden of this disease in Mexico.

Keywords: Knowledge, Prevention, Cancer.

Quality Service: servqual methodology and patient satisfaction in hospitals

2023-12-05T20:38:22-06:00

Objective: Determine the relationship between the satisfaction of hospitalized patients and the quality of service in a public hospital in the State of Guanajuato, through the SERVQUAL methodology.

Materials and methods: Correlational quantitative design study and validation of measurement instruments. 191 patients of four hospital service were interviewed.

Results: The results confirmed that the questionnaire used meets the reliability parameters. Additionally, a multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to identify the SERVQUAL factors that influence patient satisfaction and it was found that the influential factors are tangibility, reliability, security and empathy (F=111.17, p < 0.001), which indicates a highly significant relationship.

Conclusions: The SERVQUAL variables identified as influencing service quality present a positive association (tangibility, reliability and empathy). The responsiveness variable does not present a significant value in the regression. However, the security variable presents a negative association which implies that the patient perceives that there is a lack of communication in the procedures applied by the staff and the kindness with which he is cared for.

Keywords: Quality control, public health, Patient Safety.

Maternal and child health Perceptions and economic Incentive effects in the Altos of Chiapas, Mexico: A post-Prospera analysis

2023-12-12T17:56:40-06:00

Objective: To analyze the perceptions of indigenous women and healthcare personnel in the Altos de Chiapas after Prospera, aiming to shed light on how the program changed maternal and child health care, specifically in relation to the presence or absence of economic incentives.

Materials and Methods: Grounded in grounded theory, the study utilized nine focus group interviews with women (54 participants) and nine semi-structured interviews with seven nurses and two doctors.

Results: The relationship between women and healthcare personnel within the Prospera framework was perceived as an obligation driven by economic incentives, rather than being viewed as shared responsibility. Intervention topics, such as health orientation talks and medical consultations that required attendance at the medical unit, saw a decrease in participation by most women after the program concluded. This shift in dynamics suggests that the relationship built around economic incentives failed to foster sustainable shared responsibility in maternal and child health care after Prospera concluded.

Conclusions: In the Prospera program, advantages were observed, such as maternal health monitoring, health talks, and the provision of vitamin supplements. However, the lack of effective shared responsibility and the perception of obligation conditioned by economic incentives influenced the decrease in attendance at medical units and the adoption of preventive care practices, potentially minimizing all the benefits gained. This finding emphasizes the importance of designing social interventions that go beyond mere obligation and promote active and sustainable participation in maternal and child health care.

Keywords: Maternal and child health; Social program; Economic; Incentive.

Promotion of physical activity in housing complexes

2024-01-15T21:03:22-06:00

Objective: Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in workers are associated with modifiable risk factors, so the study proposes to characterize the influence of the components of the spatial physical subsystem of housing complexes on the practice of physical activity of workers at an IES from Barranquilla and Pereira in 2022.

Materials and methods: Descriptive study of correlation between housing characteristics and the level of physical activity of workers at Higher Education Institution (IES) in Barranquilla and Pereira. Probability sampling with simple random stratified sampling technique. GPAQ Short Version (PA level) and modified ECAVE scale (housing complex) were used. Statistical analysis was performed in Statgraphics version 16 software, applying descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: Statistical significance is observed between the variables accessibility and availability to use parks, cycle paths and trails (p-value 0.0105); Likewise, the degree of security of the area where the worker lives (p-value 0.0342) and sex as an individual factor (p-value 0.0417) influence.

Conclusion: The relationship between the characteristics of the housing complex and the practice of PA in workers of an IES in Barranquilla and Pereira is confirmed; This relationship includes individual and housing components, the former showing the association with sex, with men being more active than women. The housing components are associated with the degree of security of the area where the worker lives and the perception of visitors about the neighborhood as a dangerous and insecure area.

Keywords: Physical Activity; Residence Characteristics; Noncommunicable Diseases; Sedentary Behavior; City Planning.

Experiences before the new normal by covid-19 in university.

2024-01-15T20:28:37-06:00

Objective: to understand the experiences before the new normal in university students after the pandemic by COVID-19.

Materials and methods: qualitative research, the units of meanings were built based on the moments of Martin Heidegger’s hermeneutic circle, for the selection of the participants, an intentional sampling was made of 16 university students of the nursing degree of a public university in the state of Oaxaca, where saturation of the data was reached, the phenomenological interview took place from March to May 2023 and were audiotaped, the research met the criteria of scientific rigor for qualitative research.

Results: university students expressed having mental health problems due to confinement and social estrangement and in the face of the new normality has generated negative thoughts and feelings due to lack of communication, identifying the presence of their peers as negative, However, it is a new opportunity to start over and recognize life experiences with the help of a health professional.

Conclusions: It is vital that educational institutions be able to develop appropriate strategies to improve the quality of life of university students by creating appropriate interventions to address the psychological problems that university students experience.

Keywords: Mental health; COVID-19; nursing students; nursing.

Depression as a risk factor for suicide attempt in patients HIV

2024-01-16T19:36:56-06:00

Objective: To determine the association between depression in patients with Human Inmunodeficiency Virus and the risk of suicide attempt in a Second Level Hospital.

Material and method: Observational, analytical, prospective study, involving 53 patients with a diagnosis of HIV from the Mexican Social Security Institute General Hospital of Zone No. 2 in Cárdenas, Tabasco, who attended the Internal Medicine external consultation. The information was obtained through surveys that determine the presence of depression and suicide attempt, three questionnaires were used: Beck Depression Inventory BDI-II, Suicide Risk Scale and Family APGAR (Adaptation, Participation, Resource Gadient, Affectivity and Resource), the information was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences.

Results: 53 IMSS eligible patients, diagnosed with HIV, mostly men with 88.7% (n=47), aged between 27 and 35 years with a mean of 31 years. The association of the degree of depression with risk of suicide attempt: minimal depression with low risk of suicide attempt of 86.40% (n=19) and high risk of suicide attempt of 13.60%.

Conclusions: When the factors of severe depression are combined, there is severe dysfunction, belonging to the female sex, and being under 30 years of age, there is a greater than 90% probability of having a high risk of intense suicide.

Keywords: Depression; Suicide attempted; Suicide; HIV.

COVID-19 pandemic: consequences of overexposure to the use of information and communication technologies

2024-01-15T20:19:28-06:00

Objective: We aimed to analyze the association between overexposure to the use of ICT with the perception on healthy lifestyles and mental health before and during the pandemic.

Materials and methods: We conducted a quantitative and retrospective cohort study on students from 3 high schools, located in the Gulf of Mexico, who were surveyed using an online questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, such as measures of central tendency and dispersion, were used to analyze the results. Also, statistical techniques were used for related samples to specify changes occurred before and during the pandemic. The Odds Ratio and its 95% confidence intervals were calculated to identify the association between overexposure to the use of ICT with healthy lifestyles and mental health.

Results: 432 students were included in our study. Most of them were female (66.7%), (62.7%) were studying the second semester, aged 15 (39.4%) to 16 (35.6%) years. Regarding the use of ICT, we found that before the pandemic more than 50% of the responses pointed out a normal use, but during the pandemic the use of various devices increased. Concerning the association between overexposure to the use of ICT and mental health, in this case depression, we found that before the pandemic students had almost 2.9 times the chance of developing depression if they had been overexposure to the use of ICT. These possibilities increased almost 7.2 times during the pandemic.

Conclusions: Further research is mandatory to explore the mental health of adolescents, since during the COVID-19 pandemic important changes occurred, including those changes inherent to the stage they are undergoing.

Sociocultural Factors: Subsequent teenage Pregnancy life roject, Morelos, Mexico. 2012-2022

2023-12-12T19:40:15-06:00

Objective: It consisted of describing the dynamics of subsequent teenage pregnancy in a municipality with urban and rural communities in the state of Morelos, and the conditions that influence the change in the mother's life plan, through a qualitative perspective, the adolescent's perception of dating stage, your first pregnancy, second pregnancy and your social environment in your life plan.

Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study with multiple methods, the quantitative phase allowed us to analyze the trend and rates of teenage pregnancy, the qualitative phase consisted of the application of semi-structured interviews, previously prepared, emptied into a matrix for analysis, carried out from discourse analysis. A database was built in Microsoft Excel 365. Subsequently, with Stata v.14.2, univariate and bivariate analysis was performed to obtain mean, standard deviation, proportions with 95% confidence intervals.

Results: They were grouped by ages of 17-20 years old (n=160) and 15-16 years old (n=5), the predominant education, primary 25.49% and secondary 52.94%. 87.18% work at home as housewives. 69.88% have had 2 pregnancies and 23.49% have had 3 pregnancies, 64.46% have had 2 births and 7.23% have had 3 or more births. 16.88% reported 2 cesarean sections, for the 17-20 years old group and 40% in the 15-17 years old group. 21.69% reported an abortion. The intergenic period was 12 to 24 months. The median age of the mothers was 19 years old with a minimum age of 15 and a maximum of 20 years. In the 17 to 20 years old group, the median was 19 years old and in the 15 to 16 years old group, the median was 16 years.

Conclusions: Both the rate and prevalence of subsequent teenage pregnancies showed an irregular increase until 2019, before showing a decrease thereafter. Educational level is a determining factor for primary and subsequent teenage pregnancy.

Relationship between food security and food environments in Mexico City conurbation area vulnerable neighborhoods

2024-01-31T17:18:26-06:00

Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la relación entre el nivel de seguridad alimentaria con el estado socioeconómico, la precepción del ambiente alimentario, y los hábitos de compra.

Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un análisis descriptivo para determinar la relación entre el estado de seguridad alimentaria con las características socioeconómicas y la percepción del entorno alimentario. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante encuestas en colonias vulnerables de Ecatepec de Morelos, México.

Resultados: La inseguridad alimentaria fue predominante una consecuencia de las condiciones socioeconómicas, aunque los lugares para comprar alimentos parecían ser adecuados ya que no hubo preferencia de donde comprar, la distancia o el precio, encontrando frutas y vegetales frescos, representando una dieta saludable, barata y asequible. Sin embargo, las barreras para comprar alimentos fueron el precio y el ingreso, limitando la calidad y cantidad de alimentos para comprar, denotando la necesidad de expandir la operación de mercados al aire libre, para traer alimentos saludables y asequibles a los barrios pobres dentro de las áreas conurbadas de las ciudades capital.

Conclusión: Mejorando la oferta de alimentos asequibles es necesaria con el propósito de mejorar el estado de inseguridad alimentaria de las familias que viven en barrios pobres.

Una oferta de alimentos asequibles es necesaria para mejorar el estado de inseguridad alimentarias de familias en barrios pobres.

Palabras clave: Seguridad alimentaria, Vulnerabilidad social, Pobreza, Medio ambiente y salud pública.

Efficacy of a family intervention in grief complicated by couple breakup in primary care

2024-02-09T22:41:20-06:00

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a family intervention in grief complicated by a couple breakup.

Materials and method: Research with a mixed intervention approach in three stages (diagnosis-implementation-evaluation). In the first, an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out, with a simple random sample with replacement n=99. Field's "Romantic Breakup Distress Scale" and Smilkstein's family APGAR were applied, with prior informed consent. Five families with complicated grief and family dysfunction were included. Methods and techniques of working with family were used. In the third stage, a quasi-experimental design was used with pretest and posttest of complicated grief and family APGAR. SPSS V25 was used to capture and analyze data, with descriptive and analytical statistics with Student's t test.

Results. They were women 81.8%, with age Ⱦ=34.19-29 37.4%, high school 37.4%, separated 59.6%, divorced 49.4%. With complicated grief 14%, family dysfunction 13%. Families with complicated grief were dysfunctional 53.8%. Risk factors: conflict in paternal-filial subsystem, addictions, economy. Protective factors: religious, artistic, educational and medical groups. The actions focused on cognitive-behavioral-emotional intervention. In pretest/posttest evaluation, complicated grief presented a mean difference of Ⱦ=8.500, ŝ± 8.925, and 95% CI: Li: 3.347 Ls:13.653, with student's t=3.564 and df=13 and p value=0.003, statistically significant, mean difference for family Apgar of Ⱦ= 3.357 with ŝ±1.946, 95% CI: Li:2.234, Ls:4.481 with student's t=6.456 and df=13, p value=0.001, statistically significant.

Conclusions: The effect of the family intervention modified complicated grief and improved family dynamics and functionality. Conclusions: The effect of the family intervention modified complicated grief and improved family dynamics and functionality.

Keywords: Family Practice; Prolonged Grief Disorder; Divorce; Spirituality; Single-Parent Family.

Transversal competencies of the clinical tutor specializing in nursing care in the appreciation of students

2024-02-22T19:46:54-06:00

Objective: To analyze the transversal competences of the clinical tutors in the Unique Program of Specializations in Nursing of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, in terms of the perceptions of its graduates to identify areas of opportunity regarding the formation through clinical tutoring.

Material and Methods: This is a descriptive and transversal study. The unit of analysis is the graduate nursing student. Clinical tutoring was analyzed with an instrument which was validated by the panel of experts and which was adjusted after using a related pilot study with self-administered surveys through the Google platform. The sample was constituted by 448 graduates.

Results: Descriptive statistics show the major frequencies in the discipline related dimension, and the minor frequencies in the clinical teaching related dimension. In general, the dimensions considered for transversal competency show weaknesses which can be related to the attention to emotional difficulties, the decision making at the site, and the management of interpersonal conflicts, besides the tutoring planning.

Conclusion: Clinical tutoring in Graduate Nursing is a pivot which strengthens the bases to address clinical problems and use the scientific evidence and its expression in specialized care. The dimensions considered for transversal competency show that, in the development of interpersonal and communication skills, there are strategic actions which can be leveraged to promote the interaction with patients, families, and other health professionals within the clinical context.

Keywords: Clinical preceptorship, Mentoring, Preceptorship, Competency-Based Education.

Socio-environmental factors related to leishmaniasis at the cantonal level, Costa Rica, 2018-2021

2024-02-12T19:27:35-06:00

Objective: Analyze socio-environmental factors related to the cumulative incidence of leishmaniasis at the cantonal level in Costa Rica from 2018 to 2021.

Materials and methods: Observational, ecological, cantonal, descriptive-analytical study. A spatial analysis is carried out through choropleth maps, Moran Index and Local Spatial Association Index. Bivariate and multivariate negative binomial regression models are carried out.

Results: Two multivariate models are developed: Multivariate model A: the variables educational dimension and access to information behave as protective factors. Model B: the percentage of households lacking decent shelter, sex ratio, percentage of Afro-descendant population and percentage of poor households act as risk factors.

Conclusions: It is observed that the cantons with the highest cumulative incidence of leishmaniasis were those located mainly in the Caribbean and southern areas.

Socio-environmental factors related to the cantonal standardized cumulative incidence of leishmaniasis in Costa Rica from 2018 to 2021 are identified.

It is possible to determine the presence of clusters of high spatial autocorrelation between the variables identified in this research as protective factors educational dimension, access to information and risk factors percentage of households lacking decent shelter, sex ratio, percentage of population Afro-descendant, and percentage of poor households mainly in cantons located in the Caribbean area and southern part of the country, as well as clusters of low spatial autocorrelation in cantons in the center of the country.

Keywords: Leishmaniasis; Epidemiology; Spatial analysis.

The home as a work area in a pandemic and unintentional injuries

2024-02-26T17:33:37-06:00

Objective: To know the characteristics of unintentional injuries in children at home during the pandemic and the opinion of parents about their belief about whether or not quarantine favors unintentional injuries in children.

Material and methods: Descriptive study. Anonymous online survey method during home confinement. Those who work in schools were invited to participate to discuss it freely with parents and among their acquaintances. With the Excel program, the responses were analyzed through frequencies and percentages.

Results: 75 forms were received. The average age of the children was 7 years. 32% of the households presented unintentional injuries. Falls and burns were the most frequent unintentional injuries. 72% do not believe that working from home and caring for children favors the frequency of unintentional injuries.

And the exposure to the different dangers of the home, both in time and areas, increased due to not being able to go out. The fun was found in the areas of the home that were transformed into places of recreation.

Conclusions: Safety should not be neglected at home by being in several activities during the pandemic. Child care is vital for prevent injuries.

Keywords: Wounds and injuries; Child; Pandemics; Public housing; Work.

Effectiveness of the Human Right to Health Through the Amparo Trial

2023-10-23T19:58:52-05:00

Objective: Analyze the effectiveness of the right to health through the amparo trial.

Materials and methods: The study methodology focuses on a qualitative analysis of judicial decisions related to the right to health in Mexico, integrating interdisciplinary approaches that include the complex perspective of the right to health. It evaluates how the interpretation of the Federal Judiciary has been guaranteeing since the 90s, even before the Constitutional Reform of Human Rights of 2011, for which cases will be considered where acts of inequality were notorious. The investigation also resorts to strategic litigation through injunctions, providing empirical experiences for analysis and establishing precedents in the matter.

Results: The protection of the right to health has been evolving over the years, it is clear to see the progressivity in this right; Inequality, poverty and bureaucracy are the product of inefficient public policy, however, the Judiciary has been an instrument for the direct justiciability of human rights in complex situations, in this case, the right to health.

Conclusions: The amparo trial in Mexico has transcended its programmatic role to become a key instrument of the Judiciary in the effective protection of the right to health since the 1990s, making up for the deficiencies of public policies and leading advances in issues such as discrimination and access to medical treatments. The Constitutional Reform of 2011 has reinforced this mechanism, facilitating social justice in the face of inequalities in access to health, and pointing the way towards a more comprehensive understanding of human rights that goes beyond the letter of the law.

Keyword: Human right; Medical coverage; Civil rights.

Effectiveness of working with families in grief complicated by COVID-19 at the first level

2024-01-29T19:42:59-06:00

Objective To determine the effectiveness of working with families in a phase of grief complicated by COVID-19 to restore homeostasis and family dynamics.

Material and Methods Study with a mixed approach, under a quasi-experimental design. It was developed in three stages: diagnosis, intervention and evaluation. In the first, 99 people who lost a family member during the pandemic were surveyed with the Complicated Grief Inventory (IDC) test and the FF.SIL to study family functionality. An intervention was carried out on five families with complicated grief and family dysfunction, through thirteen face-to-face sessions and the use of narrative and Gestalt therapy techniques, with the aim of recovering family homeostasis. To evaluate the effect of the intervention, a post-test was applied, as well as the families' comments. Student's t test was performed for the pre- and post-test difference.

Results Families with complicated grief and family dysfunction were found in 25.3%. In the pretest-posttest of the FF-SIL, the Student's T test observed a mean difference of Ⱦ=8.571, standard deviation of s±7.387, 95% CI confidence interval Li: 4.306; Ls: 12.837 and t value= 4.341, df=13 and p value=.0001, statistically significant.

Conclusion With the intervention, homeostasis, dynamics and family health were restored.

Keywords: Effect; COVID-19; Complicated Grief; Family Dynamics; Homeostasis.

Sexual and reproductive, empowerment, sexual rights, and sexual safe behaviors in mexican young people

2024-02-26T19:31:33-06:00

Objective: To determine the relationship between sexual and reproductive empowerment, knowledge of sexual rights and safe sexual behavior in young Mexicans.

Materials and methods: The study was descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 111 young people from Chihuahua, Mexico, who were selected at convenience. The information was collected through an online survey.

Results: A significant difference in sexual and reproductive empowerment was found between men and women (p < 0.001), with men presenting higher scores (Mdn= 92.39) compared to women (Mdn= 79.34). No relationship was found between sexual and reproductive empowerment, knowledge about sexual rights and safe sexual behavior of these young people.

Conclusion: The young people presented a high level of knowledge about sexual rights. In relation to sexual and reproductive empowerment, males presented higher scores than females. Safe sexual behavior was lower than in other studies in similar populations. In addition, no relationship was found between sexual and reproductive empowerment and knowledge of sexual rights and safe sexual behavior in this population, which emphasizes the need to continue studying these variables due to the scarcity of studies in this population.

Key Words Empowerment; Reproductive Rights; Safe Sex; Young Adult.