Horizonte Sanitario

Programs to improve body image in adolescents: A systematic review

2022-10-11T16:44:27-05:00

Objective: To examine the intervention programs that have been conducted on body image in adolescents.

Materials and methods: The PRISMA statement was used in this review. The search for studies was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE-ProQuest, and EBSCO databases from January 1, 2017, to January 25, 2022. Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, developed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project.

Results: Eight studies were included, most of which had a strong methodological quality. The results obtained after the implementation of the programs reflected favorable changes in body image and body satisfaction for adolescents between 11 and 18 years old, only for five studies. Additionally, five studies maintained the same changes at follow-up.

Conclusions: Findings from this review allow us to conclude that intervention programs are a safe and effective way to influence adolescent body image.

Keywords: Body image; Body dissatisfaction; Adolescents; Program evaluation; Health promotion.

Mobile applications for self-learning in the caregiver of the elderly with stroke: integrative review

2022-10-11T20:33:07-05:00

Objective: to analyze the evidence available in the literature on interventions with mobile applications to promote self-learning of care and assistance in the primary caregiver of the elderly with physical sequelae of stroke. Material and Methods: integrative review of the literature published between January 2018 and June 2022 in the CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost databases. The data obtained was analyzed in four stages: theme identification, sampling, selection and categorization of studies and analysis, evaluation and interpretation of results under the CASPe method. Results: 2 were qualitative and 1 quantitative; the digital interventions were: mHealth, Movies4Stroke and MoCaB used for self-learning and assistance in the primary caregiver in the dimensions of blood pressure control, glucose, cholesterol and pharmacological adherence. Digital educational interventions increase self-learning and facilitate care in the caregiver of the elderly with physical sequelae due to stroke. Conclusions: digital educational interventions for self-learning and assistance in the primary caregiver from the scientific evidence are minimal. It is necessary to design accessible, dynamic and easy-to-interact digital interventions for self-learning in the generation of care skills in the primary caregiver of the elderly with post-stroke physical sequelae.

Keywords: Mobile applications; Internet-based intervention; Caregivers; Stroke

Interventions for the family caregiver of a child with intellectual disability: Integrative review

2022-11-14T20:02:30-06:00

Objective: To describe the interventions carried out on the family caregiver of a child with intellectual disability.

Material and methods: Integrative review in the PubMed, LILACS, VHL and Scielo databases, considering the inclusion criteria: seniority ≤ 10 years, in English, Spanish and Portuguese, that the intervention was aimed at the family caregiver (mothers or fathers). The descriptors intervention, caregiver, intellectual disability, child and the boolean operator AND were used. 233 articles were identified, 210 were discriminated against because the interventions were aimed at children, leaving 23 articles and of these 17 were eliminated because they did not fully meet the inclusion criteria, only a sample of 6 remained.

Results: The identified interventions were psychosocial, psychoeducational, music therapy and occupational therapy, managing to reduce symptoms such as depression, anxiety, sadness and stress, as well as levels of overload and indifference.

Conclusions: The interventions have a positive impact on the health of the family caregiver of the child with intellectual disability. The nursing professional should be guided in the design and implementation of interventions aimed at the family caregiver for her comprehensive care.

Keywords: intervention, caregivers, children, intellectual disability.

Exposición al Dicloro Difenil Tricloroetano y perfil tiroideo durante el embarazo: revisión sistemática y meta-análisis

2022-12-13T21:51:19-06:00

Objective: Evaluate the association between p,p´-DDT and p,p´-DDE exposure with thyroid disruption during pregnancy through meta-analysis.

Material and methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). The protocol of this review was registered in PROSPERO with the identification sheet: CRD42022324797. We conduct systematic searches in PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases to identify eligible studies published in English and Spanish up to January 2, 2022. Using random-effects meta-analysis, a beta regression coefficient was estimated (β) pooled, for each hormone of the thyroid profile, from the β published in each study and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results: Eight studies were included, of which only three reported biomarkers of exposure to p,p'-DDT, so it was not possible to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between this compound and hormones in the thyroid profile. Exposure to p,p'-DDE was associated with a slight increase in TSH (pooled β= 0.05; 95% CI= -0.01, 0.12) and total T3 (pooled β= 0.02; 95% CI= -0.05, 0.09) levels , but inversely with total T4 (β pooled= -0.003; 95% CI= -0.05, 0.05) and free T4 (β pooled= -0.01; 95% CI= -0.03, 0.01) levels, although neither of these findings was statistically significant.

Conclusions: The evidence available to date is still limited to draw a conclusion on the association between the variables of interest. Since small changes in thyroid homeostasis in pregnant women could have consequences on fetal development, it is necessary to continue generating evidence in this regard.

Keyword: Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane; Dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene; thyroid hormones; pregnancy.

Confinement due to COVID-19 modifies healthy lifestyles in adults: A systematic review

2023-02-09T19:21:28-06:00

Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence on the changes that have occurred in healthy lifestyles associated with confinement by COVID-19 in the adult population between 19 and 59 years of age.

Materials and methods: A systematic review was carried out following the criteria of the PRISMA guide during the search period from March 2020 to February 2022 in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases using the keywords COVID-19, healthy lifestyles, obesity, overweight, confinement, quarantine, lockdown, previously validated in NCBI MeSH and DeCs.

Results: The search in the PUBMED, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases yielded a total of 702 articles. After eliminating duplicate articles, 94 articles were recovered. After the first and second screening, 45 articles were excluded, finally working with 49 articles. Evidence shows that confinement negatively modified healthy lifestyles, favoring behaviors such as a sedentary lifestyle, associated with longer use of electronic devices. In addition, there was an increase in the consumption of hypercaloric foods, the intake of unhealthy foods between meals, larger portions, and an increase in the number of meals per day, together with a decrease in physical activity, an increase in the consumption of alcohol and cigarettes, factors that influenced the development of overweight and obesity.

Conclusions: The evidence shows negative changes in healthy lifestyles that were associated with overweight and obesity during the confinement by COVID-19, in view of this panorama, comprehensive intervention strategies are required based on healthy nutrition programs and physical activation with the purpose of to reduce or reverse the effects caused by confinement.

Keywords: Healthy lifestyles; Lifestyle; Obesity; Overweight; Sedentary.

Health, economic growth, and Gini index in North America using a panel model

2023-06-24T00:05:54-05:00

Objective: The objective of this paper is assessed the nexus among health status, economic growth, and the Gini index in North America and its countries using a panel model.

Materials and Method: The materials consist of annual data regarding life expectancy, government health expenditure as percentage of the gross domestic product, Gini index, and gross domestic product at constant 2015 US$ for the period 2000-2019. The method applies a panel model for North America and its three countries: Canada, Mexico and The United States. North America diversity treatment among countries is dealt with fixed and random effects.

Results: North America inhabitants health status are negatively influenced by an increasing income inequality, and a reduction on economic growth. The country that expends more in health care is The United States, follow by Canada and Mexico. The biggest reduction on life expectancy from an increase in income inequality is in The United States, followed by Canada and Mexico. Life expectancy increases when Canada and The United States experience economic growth. The countries with inarticulate health policy responses to an increase in income inequality are first Mexico followed by The United States.

Conclusions: In North America and its countries an increasing income inequality reduces life expectancy, and government health expenditure. Economic growth benefits life expectancy and government health expenditure. Health status seems to improve with a reduction in income inequality and a greater public health expenditure. Therefore, policies that increases income inequality and reduces public health expenditure seems to be advocates of a reduction: in health status, population welfare and economic growth.

Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and dietary characterization of Venezuelan older adults

2023-03-30T20:47:20-05:00

Objective: Anthropometric and dietary characterization of elderly Venezuelans according to their socioeconomic stratification, determining their nutritional adequacy based on national references.

Materials and methods: Through the Graffar technique, 484 older adults were categorized socioeconomically; evaluating their intake pattern through the combined technique of R24H and FCCA, to compare it qualitatively with the weighted reference values of Venezuelan macro and micronutrients.

Results: 35.3% (n=171) had deficits and no obesity was reported in the group. Only the 60-69 age subgroup demonstrated an energy profile adjusted to national references; those older than 70 years averaged a diet of insufficient energy and protein. All age subgroups showed inadequacy for Ca, Mg, Zn and vitamins A and C. The inadequacy was described more extensively in the same proportion as age increased. The most energy-poor diets proved to be those with the least dietary diversity.

Conclusions: The current food-nutritional vulnerability of this population group is widely shown, especially in the lower social strata and educational levels.

Key words: elderly, anthropometry; nutrition; Venezuela.

Excess weight and hereditary family history, an opportunity for action from the University

2023-02-16T19:34:43-06:00

Objective: Identify overweight and obese students with a family history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus and their health habits at the University Center of Health Sciences.

Method: Online questionnaire. First year students of different academic programs participated. Aspects of hereditary family history, body mass index, and health habits were included. Association was estimated by logistic regression.

Results: Out of 1755 students, 68% were women. Low weight 10%, normal weight 65% and excess weight 25% were reported. 28% had a hereditary family history (AHF) for diabetes mellitus and 14% for hypertension. In an analysis stratified by sex, alcohol consumption was associated with excess weight in men (OR = 2.3, IC95% [1.1-5.0], p = 0.031); and in women it was AHF for arterial hypertension (OR = 2.2, IC95% [1.3-3.7], p = 0.004).

Conclusion: Being a man, smoking, alcohol consumption and AHF for arterial hypertension were factors associated with excess weight. At universities, is still time to an action project to maintain and promote health.

Keywords : Family medical history; Obesity; Student; University; Nutrition.

Adherence factors on pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment in chronic kidney disease patients

2023-03-30T21:20:09-05:00

Objective: To evaluate the influencing factors that affect the adherence to the treatment in chronic kidney disease patients.

Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample size of 80 patients in an external nephrology service from a hospital at Tlaxcala. A previously validated questionnaire divided in four dimensions was used to determine the factors that influence patients to maintain pharmacological and non-pharmacological adherence to their treatment.

Results: A moderate risk level of adherence was present in this population, el 8.8% of the patients have adherence to the treatment, el 58.8% are in moderate risk of non-adherence, and 32.5% have a high risk of no adherence. The main factors by no adherence are lack of economic sources (65%), unknown their dry weight (61.3%), a highcost dietetic regime (60%), having difficulties to change their live style (38.8%), and do not get information about their medicine advantages (8.8%).

Conclusions: Lack of moneyand information are the influencing factors because the patient do not have adherence to the pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment. The nursing professional should provide clear, useful and complete information in order to improve the treatment adherence, to reduce complications and costs in CKD patients. It is necessary to look forward for educative and motivational strategies because their economic situation and arraigned habits, looking for social and family support to improve their health status.

Key words: Accomplish; Treatment adherence; Socioeconomic factors; Chronic kidney disease.

Marketsforthecommercializationofeducationalhealthservicesofferedby Cuba

2023-06-23T23:50:37-05:00

Objective: Characterize the markets for educational health services offered by Cuba.
Material and Method: Study of technological development, using qualitative and quantitative techniques. Based on the bibliographic review, the dimensions in which the variables were grouped, their operationalization, scale, indicator or index were established. Questionnaires were constructed and validated to obtain the information, which was summarized in frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and range. To measure the coincidence between the observers, the Cohen's Kappa Index was used, the confidence interval for Kappa was calculated, the standard error was estimated and it was interpreted using the scale proposed by Landis and Koch.
Results: A list of countries was obtained as current and potential markets, in which there is a coincidence by the key informants consulted, supported by statistical tests. The countries identified as current and potential markets have very similar characteristics; They only differ in the variables: associations, unions or groups in the health sector that have declared resistance or opposition to commercial health relations with Cuba and difficulties in purchasing power to access educational services personally or for their family.
Conclusions: The information obtained, limited to the countries that currently demand or have requested educational services, guides to encourage the current market, concentrating resources on maintaining them. The elaborated methodology allows new studies to be carried out in greater depth to identify potential markets and their segmentation. Set guidelines for your employment in the public sector internationally.

Keywords: Market; Offer; Services; educational; Health.

Exposure to volcanic ash produced by the Turrialba volcano and respiratory diseases, Costa Rica, 2016

2023-06-22T19:14:31-05:00

Objective: describe the spatial behavior of contamination by volcanic ash and the effect on the incidence of acute and chronic respiratory diseases in communities exposed to the ash produced by the activity of the Turrialba Volcano during the year 2016.

Materials and methods: an ecological, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and correlational study was carried out, where 36 cantons within 50 km of the Turrialba volcano were categorized, according to their level of contamination.

Results: a differentiated behavior is verified in the geographical space affected by the volcanic ash plume, all the territories included in the study resulted in some level of contamination, however three zones are distinguished, high, medium and low contamination. 46.6% of the epidemiological events studied have a higher risk of occurring in cantons with high contamination, over cantons with medium and low contamination.

Conclusions: it is possible that the contamination due to volcanic ash has increased the risk of exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases in the area under the direct influence of the volcanic ash plume.

Keywords: Volcanic Ash; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Volcanic Eruptions.

Digital intervention based on mindfulness for stress and generalized anxiety in university workers

2023-06-24T00:15:22-05:00

Objective: To analyze the effect and perception of a based-mindfulness digital intervention to reduce work stress and anxiety among workers at the Universidad Veracruzana via WhatsApp.

Materials and methods: Workers of Universidad Veracruzana, including its five regional campuses. An experimental, controlled and randomized study was carried out, with an intervention via WhatsApp to reduce stress and work anxiety in workers of the Universidad Veracruzana. We aimed to know the perception of participants about the intervention, so focused interviews were conducted using standardized questions.

Results: A decrease in the means of the level of perceived stress and generalized anxiety of the experimental group were observed between the pre-intervention and post-intervention, with a significant difference, p=0.012 and p=0.013, respectively. In the control group, a slight increase in these levels was observed. No significant differences were identified between groups. To assess the perception, the analysis of the spectrum of the discourse was carried out with the concept of "Usability", the spectrum analyzed was where it was observed that the perception, participation and recommendation of the intervention was found present with a variable intensity. In the change, there was an extreme case intensity.

Conclusions: This study contributes to the advancement of knowledge regarding mental health self-care among workers at the Universidad Veracruzana and proposes a novel way to perform public health interventions that involve technology that is increasingly adaptable today.

Keywords: Mindfulness; Stress; Anxiety; Clinical trial.

Access for cataract surgery in diabetes. A qualitative study with a managerial approach

2023-05-04T00:20:21-05:00

Objective: To explore the gaps that exist for access to cataract surgery in people with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and methods: a qualitative research of a phenomenological type with a managerial approach was carried out. Management tools and techniques by health processes and Lean-health methodology were used. The field work was carried out in the municipalities of La Lisa, Marianao and Playa where the experiences and expectations of 46 patients were explored in six discussion groups, the criteria of nine family doctors and six ophthalmologists from the primary health level were obtained, in two discussion groups.

Results: The experiences of patients, family doctors and ophthalmologists, organized by categories (diagnosis, continuity and communication, social support and workload) have in their content the gaps present in the care process

Conclusion: The gaps identified in this study are sufficient to explain why many patients do not access cataract surgery in a timely manner.

Keywords: Gaps in health status; Mellitus diabetes; Cataract extraction; Evaluation study.

Food insecurity and depressive symptoms: analysis before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico

2023-06-26T19:15:29-05:00

Objective: to analyze the relationship between food insecurity and depressive symptoms among men and women in Mexico before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods and materials: cross-sectional study with data from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19 and the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2021 sobre COVID-19. Using binomial logistic regression models, the odds ratios between men and women of presenting depressive symptoms according to household food insecurity are estimated, adjusting for various socioeconomic and health variables.

Results: there is a significant difference in the prevalence of depressive symptoms, but not in food insecurity between sexes and between periods. Depressive symptoms and food insecurity were associated before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among men and women, even adjusting for health and sociodemographic control variables.

Conclusion: depressive symptoms and food insecurity are consistently related. It is important to study this association in post-pandemic stages to determine if it is consistent or related to imposed social and economic conditions.

Keywords: Depressive symptoms; Food insecurity; Food assistance; COVID-19; Mexico.

Elder abuse with multimorbidity and its relationship with quality of life

2023-08-15T19:53:08-05:00

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of elder abuse and multimorbidity, as well as to analyze if elder abuse in the presence of multimorbidity is associated with self-perceived health-related quality of life in older adults from Xalapa, Veracruz.

Material and methods: Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on data collected in a representative survey of older people (≥60 years) from Xalapa, Veracruz. The survey was conducted from September 2018 to January 2019 (n = 993). A questionnaire was used to collect demographic, socioeconomic, and health data. Elder abuse was assessed using the Geriatric Mistreatment Scale (GMS-22 items) and health-related quality of life using the short form 36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36). Descriptive analyzes were performed to estimate the prevalence and logistic regression models to analyze the association.

Results: The prevalence of elder abuse was 16.2%. The types of elder abuse were psychological (13.6%), economic (4.8%), physical (3.2%), neglect (2.3%) and sexual abuse (0.5%). The prevalence of multimorbidity was 43.2%. Older people with both elder abuse and multimorbidity presented lower health-related quality of life in the dimensions of physical role (OR 2,362 IC: 1,254-4,452), body pain (OR 2,278 IC: 1,277-4,065) and mental health (OR 2,94 IC: 1,499-5,766).

Conclusions: Elder abuse and multimorbidity are common problems in the older population in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; the presence of these two events is associated with lower health-related quality of life. Future research should focus on improving understanding of the family relationships of older people with multimorbidity, and health care and social services should take these findings into account to address the elder abuse with multimorbidity before further adverse situations occur that impact their health-related quality of life.

Distribution of neck circumference percentiles and their relationship with anthropometric measurements in children

2023-08-15T20:22:50-05:00

Objective: To determine the relationship between neck circumference and anthropometric variables; to compare this circumference with percentile values proposed in 2021.

Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, analytical study in a sample of 392 schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years of age, residents of Obregon City, Sonora, Mexico. Pearson correlations were performed; and the neck circumference data of 331 children were contrasted with the reference percentiles of a study carried out in central Mexico.

Results: 44.64% were found to be normal weight, 14.29% underweight, 22.19% overweight and 18.88% obese. The mean neck circumference was 27.36±2.80 in girls and 28.44±2.78 in boys. In the subanalysis, neck circumference was higher in boy’s vs girls (28.04±2.62 vs 26.89±2.54). Twenty-one.91% of girls and 20.92% of boys were above the 97th percentile reference percentile, and at the 25th percentile was 19.66% of girls and 18.15% of boys. No girls were detected in the 3rd, 85th, 95th, and 97th percentiles; and in boys in the 3rd and 97th percentiles. Neck circumference was correlated with all anthropometric measurements (hip circumference, weight, waist circumference, BMI, CTI, and height).

Conclusions: Neck circumference is related to BMI; therefore, it could be a secondary indicator of overweight or obesity.

Keywords: Neck; Body Mass Index; Obesity; Children.

Factors associated with the level of self-efficacy in breastfeeding women from IMSS, Tabasco

2023-03-09T17:26:48-06:00

Objective: To determine the factors associated with the level of self-efficacy in lactating women from UMF No. 47, IMSS, Tabasco.

Material and Methods: Observational, cross-sectional and analytical study, in a sample of 197 lactating women, who met the inclusion criteria. A sociodemographic and obstetric questionnaire designed by the researcher was applied, as well as the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale in its short form (BSES-SF), of 14 items, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.92. The analysis included descriptive statistics, as well as inferential statistics where Pearson's chi-square test was used. The magnitude of association was obtained, with the prevalence risks (2x2 tables), and value of p≤0.05 with Fisher's exact test. The data were processed in the statistical program SPSS 25 and STATA 6.

Results: Minimum age 17 and maximum 40, the group of 21-25 years predominated with 31.5% (X2=109.944a, gl=8, p<.001, RP 7.87, Fisher's exact test p<0.001), free union with 46.2% (X2=71.736a, gl=6, p<.001, RP 6.51, Fisher's exact test p<0.001), preparatory with 41.1% ( X2=18.252a, gl=6, p<.006, RP 1.51, Fisher's exact test p<0.04), medium socioeconomic level with 52.8% (X2=38.784a, gl=4, p<.001, RP 3.42 , Fisher's exact test p<0.001), with 2 children 35% (X2=44.647a, gl=6, p<.001, RP 4.65, Fisher's exact test p<0.001) and if they received guidance with 94.9 % (X2=5.175a, gl=2, p=.075, RP .910, Fisher's exact test p<0.03).

Conclusions: Factors such as age, marital status, education, socioeconomic level, parity and the orientation received, were associated with the level of self-efficacy in breastfeeding, while occupation and type of delivery were not associated.

Keywords: Breastfeeding; Self-efficacy; Factors.

Influence of the quality perception of care on health in university students

2023-08-18T21:23:35-05:00

Objective: The quality perception of patient care is a line of care that has been relegated in the university students, since they have the right to medical care from the university, however, there are factors both in the health sector and in the university that decrease healthy practices in university students. The objective of this study was to evaluate how to perceive the quality of health care on the perception and practices of health in the students of the University of Quintana Roo through a model of structural equations.

Materials and methods: A total of 401 students from the Autonomous University of the State of Quintana Roo over the age of 20, 70% women and 30% men, were surveyed. The scales of perception of the quality of care in the medical service, quality of the health promotion service by the university and the perception of health in the student were applied; Using a structural model, the relationship between the quality of services and health care was analyzed.

Results: The perception of an adequate quality of care in health institutions and university influences possitively the perception of health of students (p<0.05). On the other hand, it was found that 70% of the students do not have preventive health actions.

Conclusion: The perception of health and preventive practices can be influenced by the quality of the services offered at the health institution and university.

Keywords: Quality of care, Students, Equation model, Health.

Tomography findings in patients confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 and acute respiratory distress syndrome

2023-08-22T18:01:22-05:00

Objective: Describe the tomographic patterns of lung involvement in patients with SARS-CoV2 and ARDS.

Materials and methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional and analytical study. Patients treated at the Regional High Specialty Hospital of Ciudad Victoria "Bicentenario 2010" (HRAEV), with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 by RT-PCR and who had a chest computed tomography performed at the institution in the period from March 1, 2020 to July 31, 2020. A descriptive and analytical analysis was carried out.

Results: Tomography studies of 44 patients hospitalized in HRAEV who had ARDS and required IOT were analyzed, of which 72.7% were male, the average age was 64 years, of which 47.7% had Diabetes Mellitus, 63.6% with Systemic Arterial Hypertension and 43.1% with some degree of overweight or obesity.

Conclusions: The characteristic tomographic finding of patients with ARDS was a mixed type of ground glass and consolidation with severe and generalized involvement. A high mortality rate was observed in these patients with OTI up to 70%.

Keywords: SARS-Cov-2; pattern; ARDS; thorax; Findings.

"Your feet call you”: Impact of an intervention to improve self-care of feet in diabetes

2023-08-03T22:11:04-05:00

Objective: To evaluate the impact of an individualized educational intervention on knowledge, self-care of the feet, glycemic control, risk of ulceration and incidence of ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Material and Methods: The intervention study, carried out on 65 outpatients, over 35 years of age, with type 2 diabetes, were randomly distributed into two groups: the control group (35), who received a manual on foot care, and the intervention group (30), who received the intervention, a foot care kit, and manual. Follow-up was done at three and six months after the intervention. Statistical analysis included the Chi-square test, Wilcoxon test and the ANOVA test of repeated measures.

Results: The intervention improved knowledge and foot self-care in the intervention group with significant differences between groups (p=.001), but not the glycemic control or the ulceration risk.

Conclusions: The program "Your feet call you" was partially effective, and this study can be ordinarily replicated in first-level institutions to improve self-care and prevent foot ulceration in the medium term.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Type 2; Knowledge; Self-care; Foot; Intervention studies.

Genitourinary syndrome in women at the Dr. Cosme Ordoñez Carceller university polyclinic, Cuba

2023-08-28T18:48:33-05:00

Objective: To determine the frequency and intensity of genitourinary syndrome of menopause in womens treated in the climacteric and menopause consultation of the University Polyclinic 'Dr. Cosme Ordonez Carceller.

Methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional research, carried out in the period between January 2018 and December 2022. The universe of work was made up of 2962 middle-aged women from the Dr. Cosme Ordoñez Carceller university polyclinic. The sample consisted of 353 women selected by simple stratified sampling. For data collection, a Clinical History model was used, from which aspects related to sociodemographic data were extracted, the age of onset of climacteric symptoms and menopause, genitourinary disorders and their intensity in relation to the stage of climacteric syndrome.

Results: The average age of the women studied was 49.4 +/- 5.18 years. The largest number of them were in perimenopause (60.1%), while the percentage in postmenopausal women reached 39.9%. The mean age of onset of symptoms was 45.8 +/- 6.2 years, the highest frequency occurring between 45 and 49 years (61.5%). The average age of onset of menopause of 48.4+/- 3.7 years, which represents that more than two thirds (81.6%) of the women had their last menstruation over 45 years of age. Genitourinary alterations predominated in perimenopause and mild intensity.

Conclusions: The genitourinary syndrome of menopause constitutes a group of frequent clinical manifestations in women in the climacteric stage and affect more than two thirds of the women al the policlinic, appearing more frequently between the ages of 45 and 49, in perimenopause and with mild intensity.

Key words: Climacteric; Menopause; Prolapse; Cystocele; Rectocele.

Nursing clinical supervision, clinical audit and evidence implementation project

2023-08-30T17:12:30-05:00

Objective: To implement the best scientific evidence in the clinical supervision of ICUs by applying the JBI clinical audit tool for the optimization of the practice of clinical supervision in intensive care units.

Materials and methods: This project used the JBI evidence implementation framework, based on the audit and feedback process together with a structured approach to identify and manage barriers to compliance with recommended clinical practices.

Results: Most supervisors have little time to supervise critical care areas. The baseline audit showed that, of the 8 criteria set by JBI to assess clinical supervision, only three achieved 80% compliance by supervisors.

Conclusions: The JBI clinical audit model allowed the identification of a series of criteria that were affecting clinical supervision and the establishment of a work plan template to strengthen and standardize the work of nursing supervision.

Keywords: Nursing Supervision, Clinical Audit, Nursing, Evidence-Based Clinical Practice.

Stress and Emotional Intelligence in Older Adults in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico

2023-09-14T20:40:37-05:00

Objective: to know the relationship that exists between Emotional Intelligence and Stressful Life Events in Older Adults.

Materials and Methods: Correlational descriptive study, in 95 participants from Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. A Personal Data Record, the Meta-Mood Scale and the Stress Inventory in the Life of Older Adults were applied.

Results: 64.2% of the participants were females, the events that the elderly experienced the most in the last year were the presence of an injury or illness in the Elderly (67.4%), not being able to carry out activities that they enjoyed a lot (65.3%) and the death of a close family member (63.8%). No significant relationship was found between Emotional Intelligence and Stressful Life Events in Older Adults (rs = -.06, p = .56), however, an analysis was carried out with each one of the events and the results showed that Emotional Intelligence was positively related to the death of a close family member (rs = .65, p = .05), the alteration in the health of a family member (rs = .54, p = .05), not being able to do activities they enjoyed (rs = .54, p = .05).

Conclusions: The repeated experience of Stressful Life Events can negatively impact the health of the Elderly, more studies are required to identify how Emotional Intelligence can help the Elderly to face these events.

Key words: aged; stress psychological; emotional intelligence.

Burnout, coping strategies and job satisfaction in nurses

2023-09-01T20:55:56-05:00

Objective: To determine the relationship between burnout, coping strategies, and job satisfaction among nurses working in the COVID care area in East Lima.

Materials and Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, and correlational study was conducted with the participation of 300 Peruvian nurses who worked in high-risk COVID-19 services during the health emergency.

Results: Spearman's Rho test showed a result of 0.223 (p<0.01) for the burnout syndrome and coping strategies, indicating a positive, direct, and highly significant relationship. The relationship between the burnout syndrome and job satisfaction was -0.627 (p<0.01), indicating a negative, inverse, and highly significant relationship. Finally, the relationship between coping strategies and job satisfaction had a result of 0.368 (p<0.01), indicating a positive, direct, and highly significant relationship. Regarding the prediction of the variables, the coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) was analyzed, obtaining a result of 0.444, indicating that 44.4% of the variability in job satisfaction is explained by the variables of burnout syndrome and coping strategies.

Conclusions: There is a significant (ANOVA F=120.353, p=0.000) linear relationship between job satisfaction as the criterion variable, and burnout syndrome and coping strategies as predictor variables.

Keywords: Nurses; Burnout; Coping strategies; Job satisfaction; Prediction.

Quality of Health Systems and Services.

2023-08-29T19:44:45-05:00