Salud general, estilos y calidad de vida en atletas universitarios del noreste de México

Georgina Mayela Núñez-Rocha; Guillermo Cano-Verdugo; Jesús Antonio Hernández-Morales; Ana María Salinas-Martínez; María Natividad Ávila-Ortíz; Rocío Martínez-Hernández

doi:10.19136/hs.a23n3.5726

Authors

Georgina Mayela Núñez-Rocha Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5789-774X
Guillermo Cano-Verdugo Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4905-1939
Jesús Antonio Hernández-Morales Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9888-6230
Ana María Salinas-Martínez Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9977-4193
María Natividad Ávila-Ortíz Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6164-4000
Rocío Martínez-Hernández Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0288-6960

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19136/hs.a23n3.5726

Abstract

Objective: To examine the association between general health, lifestyles and quality of life according to sex and type of sport in high performance university athletes.

Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 512 high performance athletes. The sample consisted of all high-performance athletes from a public university. They were classified by type of sport according to M Bouet. The GHQ-12 instrument was applied to establish general health (GH), PEPS-I scale for lifestyles (LS) and SF-12 to establish quality of life (QOL). Student's t test and Chi² were used, as well as Mann Whitney U test to establish differences by sex and Kruskal Wallis for comparisons by type of sport. The study was approved by the corresponding Ethics and Research Committee.

Results: The mean in GH was higher in women, and by type of sport no differences were observed (p>.05). As for LS, it was higher in men, and by type of sport, there was a difference in the nutrition dimension between the ball game group and the athletic group, and in self-refreshment between the chess and archery group and the ball game group (p=.0001). The average total QOL was higher in women. By type of sport, differences were observed in the physical function dimension between the combat and athletic groups, and in the general health dimension between the combat and ball game groups (p=.0001).

Conclusions: General health and quality of life were higher in women, while lifestyle was higher in men. Regarding the type of sport, general health did not show differences, but lifestyle and quality of life did.

Keywords: General health; Healthy lifestyle; Quality of life; College athletes.

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Author Biographies

Georgina Mayela Núñez-Rocha, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon

Graduate in Medicine, Master in Public Health with a Specialty in Community Nutrition and Doctorate in Medicine. She belongs to the National System of Researchers Level I of Mexico. She has worked as a researcher in the area of epidemiology and health services in both government institutions and universities.
She has published articles in the field of community nutrition and others aimed at identifying the needs, determinants and consequences in health, in journals included in the Journal Citation Report; the results have been applied and used by managers to make timely decisions based on scientific evidence in the most important social security institution in Mexico.
She is currently responsible for the Coordination of the Master's Degree in Public Health Sciences, at the Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, said program has international accreditation by the German agency ASIIN and by the National Program of Quality Postgraduate Studies PNPC-CONACYT. Her activities have been directed to research, teaching and training of human resources in research, in Public Health Sciences.
Guillermo Cano-Verdugo, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon

Dentist with a master's degree in public health sciences and a doctorate in nursing sciences. He has a private practice where he offers comprehensive dental treatment to the general population, and is a member of the National System of Researchers. He is attached to the Faculty of Dentistry of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León. In addition, he is a visiting professor at the Scientific University of the South in Lima, Peru. His lines of research are interdisciplinary, related to public health and oral health in the context of general health. He has collaborations with the Complutense University of Madrid in Spain, the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Colombia, the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam and various universities within Mexico. He is also a reviewer and author of publications in national and international journals.
Jesús Antonio Hernández-Morales, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon

He holds a degree in Nutrition and a Master of Science in Public Health, with a solid track record in the field of nutrition and community health. Currently, he works at the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), where he has stood out for his commitment to promoting healthy habits and preventing diet-related diseases.

Throughout his career, Jesús Antonio has combined his academic training with a comprehensive vision of public health, focusing on improving the quality of life of communities through the implementation of nutrition programs based on scientific evidence. His experience at the IMSS has allowed him to address public health problems from a multidisciplinary perspective, collaborating on projects that seek to reduce the rates of obesity, diabetes and other chronic conditions that affect the Mexican population.
Ana María Salinas-Martínez, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon

Researcher in the clinical, epidemiological and health services areas. She is currently a professor in the Master of Public Health Sciences at the Faculty of Public Health and Nutrition and is part of the Academic Body of Population Health and Nutrition. Her main lines of research focus on clinical epidemiology and health services, covering critical aspects for public health.
Her recent publications include studies on the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant and lactating Mexican women, the cessation of the use of masks after vaccination in patients with diabetes, and the relationship between ABO blood groups and gestational diabetes and preeclampsia in Mexican women. She has also published systematic reviews on anthropometric parameters to estimate body frame size in children and adolescents, and has investigated the consumption of yerbamate tea as a possible protective factor in Parkinson's disease.
At the institutional level, she has led research projects such as the study on the stages of change in risk behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes in 2018, and another project in 2017 on the psychosocial factors of change in multiple preventive behaviors.
María Natividad Ávila-Ortíz, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon

Specialized in lines of research focused on health and nutrition in different age groups, with a social approach. Her main research contributions include the PRODEP 2014 project, which addressed the perception of health and social support in institutionalized older adults; the PAICYT 2016 project, which studied dietary practices, sociocultural attitudes and the risk of presenting eating disorders in young university students; and the UNICEF-INCAP 2019 project, focused on converting schools in Latin America and the Caribbean into favorable environments for the prevention of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence.

Regarding her institutional development, she has been the Postgraduate Accreditation Coordinator and a member of the legislative commission of the honorable board of directors of FaSPyN. In addition, she has played the role of secretary of the FaSPyN postgraduate ethics committee and is a member of the ethics, society and profession committee of the General Training curricular area, as well as the ethics and culture of legality committee. At the academic level, she teaches learning units such as Person- and Culture-Centered Nutrition Intervention, qualitative research, thesis seminars, and social policies.
Rocío Martínez-Hernández, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon

Graduated in Nursing and Master of Science in Public Health, she is currently pursuing a PhD in Physical Culture Sciences. With extensive experience in the field of health and well-being, she has dedicated her career to promoting comprehensive health, combining her training in nursing with her focus on physical activity and the prevention of chronic diseases.
Her academic and professional career reflects a strong commitment to the development of strategies that integrate physical and mental health in communities, always seeking to improve the quality of life through education and the empowerment of people in self-care. In addition to her work as a nurse, MCSP. Martínez-Hernández has worked in the implementation of public health programs focused on disease prevention through physical activity and the promotion of healthy lifestyle habits.
Currently, as a PhD student in Physical Culture Sciences, MCSP. Martínez-Hernández continues to delve deeper into the interrelationship between physical health and movement culture, with the aim of developing effective interventions that respond to the contemporary needs of the population.