Biofármacos en la Frontera de la Terapéutica Médica: Anticuerpos monoclonales, ARN y Edición génica

Norma del Carmen Galindo Sevilla; Javier Mancilla Galindo

doi:10.19136/hs.a24n3.6109

Authors

Norma Galindo Sevilla National Institute of Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes
Javier Mancilla Galindo Utrecht University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19136/hs.a24n3.6109

Abstract

In recent years, new medical treatments have been developed using biological molecules that are part of the defense mechanisms of living organisms. These molecules target specific components involved in disease processes, such as those associated with cancer. One example of such strategies are monoclonal antibodies, immune system molecules designed to neutralize specific targets. The in vitro production of these humanized antibodies has permitted homogeneity, industrial-scale production, and similarity to human proteins, which prevents their rapid degradation. These treatments are currently successfully applied to various diseases, including cancer, hypersensitivity, autoimmune, degenerative, and metabolic disorders. Another class of emerging therapeutic molecules are ribonucleic acids (RNA) in their various forms, such as aptamers, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). The market entry of these therapies has been so rapid that, to date, approximately 700 RNA products have been approved for human use in the United States, compared to the 125 authorized humanized monoclonal antibodies. While antibodies and RNA products are administered periodically, gene editing is being researched with the aim of correcting mutated genes that cause disease. Although this field has made significant advancements, it poses the greatest ethical dilemmas and challenges.

Keywords: Biological Products; Monoclonal antibody; RNAi Therapeutics; Genetic Therapy; Gene Editing.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Norma Galindo Sevilla, National Institute of Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes

Doctor of Science in Immunology attached to the Department of Infectology and Immunology. National Institute of Perinatology, Ministry of Health, Mexico City. Active member of the National System of Level 2 Researchers, the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico, the Mexican Academy of Pediatrics, the Mexican Society of Parasitology (Treasurer in the period 2022-2024), the American Society for Microbiology and the Gen, A. C. Institute Professor of Subject in the Postgraduate Program of the National School of Medicine, IPN.
Javier Mancilla Galindo, Utrecht University

Surgeon. Master of Science (Epidemiology). Doctoral Candidate in Occupational Epidemiology at Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. Member of the Scientific and Medical Advisory Board of openRxiv (bioRxiv and medRxiv). Member of the Scientific and Education Committee of the Mexican Society of Critical Medicine and Emergencies.