Nutritional educational intervention in patients with diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension

Abstract

Objective: Identify the impact of nutritional intervention in the control of patients with DM2 and SAH.

Materials and methods: Quasi-experimental study carried out at the UMF/H No.11 IMSS, Puebla, in the period from March to August 2023, in patients over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of DM2 and SAH alone or in combination, of any gender. Patients were grouped into with and without control. The educational intervention consisted of 3 sessions of 60 minutes duration, with 20 days of interval between each session, where BMI was obtained, blood pressure and capillary glucose were taken. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and, to compare the medians, the Friedman test was used for quantitative variables and, for qualitative variables, the Cochran test.

Results: A total of 334 patients were included, 62% (n=209) women, with a median age of 63 years (IQR 53-71); 38% (n=127) had SAH, 28% (n=94) had a diagnosis of DM2, and 33% (n=113) had both comorbidities. The educational intervention had an impact on disease control in 12% (n=16) of patients diagnosed with SAH; in the case of patients diagnosed with DM2, it had a disease control impact of 19% (n=18) and in combination of both, it had a control impact of 15% (n=17). The Friedman test was applied for the BMI variable after 3 sessions, with a result p=0.001, and the control of SAH and DM2 was given the Cochran test, obtaining a p=0.001.

Conclusions: The educational intervention had a statistically significant impact on the control of both health conditions.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; Food and Nutrition Education; Hypertension.